Kyphosis: Causes, Symptoms & Relief | Precision Pain & Spine Institute

What Is Kyphosis?

Kyphosis describes an excessive outward curve of the upper spine, resulting in a rounded or hunched back appearance. While everyone’s spine naturally has some curvature, kyphosis refers to a curve that is more pronounced than normal, typically seen in the thoracic (mid-back) region. This condition can affect children, teens, and adults and may range from mild postural changes to significant spinal deformity that impacts function and comfort.

Kyphosis is sometimes called “hunchback,” “roundback,” or “dowager’s hump.”

Why It Happens

Kyphosis can have many underlying causes, each with its own risk factors:

• Postural kyphosis: The most common type, especially in teens and young adults, caused by poor posture (slouching or hunching).
• Scheuermann’s kyphosis: A growth disorder of the spine that usually begins in adolescence, leading to wedged vertebrae and a rigid curve.
• Age-related kyphosis: Degeneration of spinal discs, fractures from osteoporosis, and muscle weakness in older adults can contribute to worsening kyphosis.
• Congenital kyphosis: Present at birth due to abnormal spinal development.
• Other causes: Spinal injuries, infections, tumors, or diseases such as arthritis.

Risk Factors

• Poor posture, especially with prolonged device or screen use
• Osteoporosis or low bone density
• Previous spinal trauma or surgery
• Chronic medical conditions affecting muscles or bones
• Family history of kyphosis or spinal deformity

Signs & Symptoms

The severity and impact of kyphosis can vary. Symptoms may include:

• Rounded or hunched upper back
• Visible hump, especially when bending forward
• Back pain or stiffness in the upper or mid-spine
• Fatigue, especially after standing or sitting for long periods
• Tight hamstrings (in adolescents)
• Loss of height as the curve increases

In severe cases, shortness of breath, balance problems, or neurological symptoms due to spinal cord compression

Red-Flag Warnings (Seek Immediate Medical Care)

• Sudden, severe back pain
• Loss of bladder or bowel control
• Numbness, tingling, or weakness in the legs

Diagnosing Kyphosis

A thorough diagnosis is essential to determine the type, cause, and severity of kyphosis. At Precision Pain & Spine Institute, we use a detailed approach:

• History & Physical Exam: Review of your symptoms, medical history, family background, and lifestyle factors. We will observe your posture, spinal alignment, and range of motion.
• Imaging:
  • X-rays: Measure the degree of curvature and identify structural changes in the vertebrae.
  • MRI/CT scans: Used if there is concern for spinal cord compression, disc problems, or other abnormalities.
• Bone Density Testing: Especially for older adults or those at risk for osteoporosis.
• Neurological Assessment: To check for signs of nerve involvement or weakness.

Your first visit will include a clear explanation of findings and a personalized treatment plan.

Treatment Options

Treatment for kyphosis is highly individualized, depending on the cause, age, degree of curvature, symptoms, and overall health.

Conservative (Non-Surgical) Treatments

• Physical Therapy: Focused on improving posture, strengthening back and core muscles, and stretching tight areas. Physical therapy can significantly reduce pain and improve function in both adolescents and adults.
• Bracing: Especially effective for growing children or teens with Scheuermann’s kyphosis to prevent curve progression.
• Pain Management: Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), muscle relaxants, or other medications as needed.
• Lifestyle Adjustments: Ergonomic chairs, postural reminders, and changes to sleep setup or workstation.
• Osteoporosis Treatment: If bone thinning is present, medications and nutritional support are key to prevent further spinal collapse.

Interventional and Advanced Procedures

• Chiropractic Care: Some patients may benefit from chiropractic adjustments or manual therapy for pain relief and improved mobility.
• Image-Guided Injections: For pain related to irritated nerves or soft tissues.

Surgical Treatments (If Needed)

Surgery is only considered for severe kyphosis that causes significant pain, breathing problems, or neurological symptoms, or if the curve is worsening despite conservative management. Procedures may include:

• Spinal fusion: Straightens and stabilizes the curve with rods, screws, and bone grafts.
• Vertebral osteotomy: Removal of bone to correct severe deformity.

Minimally invasive techniques are used when possible for quicker recovery and less pain.

Living With Kyphosis

Many people with kyphosis can manage their condition and enjoy a full, active life with the right strategies:

• Practice good posture: Be mindful of your posture when sitting, standing, and using devices.
• Exercise regularly: Core strengthening, back extensions, and flexibility exercises help maintain spinal alignment.
• Supportive furniture: Use chairs with lumbar and thoracic support.
• Weight management: A healthy weight reduces pressure on the spine.
• Balanced nutrition: Sufficient calcium and vitamin D for bone health.
• Pain coping: Use heat or ice as needed; maintain a regular sleep schedule.

For children and teens, encourage participation in sports or activities that promote spine strength and flexibility, unless otherwise advised by your physician.

Prevention Tips

• Early awareness: Address posture concerns early, especially in children and teens.
• Physical activity: Encourage regular movement, core and back exercises.
• Safe lifting: Avoid lifting heavy objects improperly.
• Bone health: Maintain adequate nutrition, screen for osteoporosis if at risk.
• Workplace ergonomics: Set up desks and screens at eye level; take frequent posture breaks.

How We Can Help

At Precision Pain & Spine Institute, our multidisciplinary team includes board-certified spine specialists, orthopedic surgeons, physical therapists, and pain management doctors.
We use advanced imaging, personalized treatment plans, and the latest minimally invasive options for all types and severities of kyphosis. Our patient-centered approach ensures you understand your diagnosis and have access to the care you need, when you need it.

Same-week appointments are available for new and existing patients. Book your consultation today.

Frequently Asked Questions

1. Is kyphosis reversible?

Mild postural kyphosis can often be improved with therapy and exercise. Structural kyphosis may be managed, but not fully reversed.

2. When is bracing needed for kyphosis?

Bracing is most effective in adolescents with a flexible curve and significant growth remaining. It is less effective for adults or rigid curves.

3. Will I need surgery for kyphosis?

Most people do not need surgery. It’s considered only for severe or worsening deformities, or when nerve or lung function is affected.

4. Can kyphosis cause permanent damage?

Severe, untreated kyphosis can lead to chronic pain, breathing problems, or nerve issues. Early diagnosis and management are key.

5. What’s the best exercise for kyphosis?

Back extension exercises, core strengthening, and posture training are highly effective. Your physical therapist will design a plan suited for you.